personal training

GETTING READY FOR SUMMER

Already swim suite time! Don't feel bad if you kept on putting training off, you were way too busy with the kids and work to fit in that extra training time - especially with the short and cold winter days...

Don't be jealous of the way others look, they don't have all the responsibilities that you do! Be positive and start doing something now (for yourself), before it gets too hot and you are forced to go into the water with the body that you didn't really plan for. Winter is gone and days are getting longer, now is the time to act!

Below are some exercises you can do - every day - and in no time you will feel much better about yourself.

  • Cardio - Spend at least 20min a day on cardio, don't make too big deal about this and try to enjoy the type of cardio you are doing. If you have stairs at your home, go up and down for 15-20 minutes - any time of the day. Walk your dog - it's nice outside and you could do with some fresh air. Grab a jump-rope and see if you can still skip like you did when you were in school! Go to a field and time yourself to see how fast you can run, then try to improve on your time the next day. Get that treadmill/bike/cross-trainer out of the corner where it's been gathering dust this whole year/5 years and start using it. You have to enjoy cardio, otherwise you will not do it again. Find something you really like to do, like roller-blading, or bike-riding or even just walking around with a friend - this way you can chat and get all your frustration out...
  • Body weight exercises - Use your own body as resistance...Try the following exercises in its order at least 4 times a week:
    1. Push-ups against the wall: This works your chest and arms... Stand about a step away from a wall, facing the wall. Place your hands in a diamond shape in line with your shoulders on the wall. Lean towards the wall by bending your arms until your cheek almost touches the wall and push yourself away again. Keep your body straight at all times. Breathe out when you push away and keep your core activated by pulling your naval towards your spine. Repeat this 20 times.
    2. Trunk lifts: This works your lower-back... Lie facedown on a mat. Keep your body straight. Put your chin on your hands and keep it there at all times. Lift your uppers-body as high as you can, taking your hands with you. Make sure your toes keep touching the ground. Slowly lower your upper-body towards the ground and lift again just before you touch the ground. Breathe out as you go up. Repeat this 20 times.
    3. Crunches: This works your tummy... Lie down on your back on a mat. Bend your knees and place your hands wherever it is comfortable. Keep looking at the roof and make sure your chin does not touch your chest. Activate your core. Crunch towards your knees and slowly return to starting position. Just before touching the ground, crunch again. Breathe out when you lift up. Repeat 20 times. Repeat the above 3 exercises 2-3 times before going to the next ones.
    4. Squats: This works the front of your legs... Stand and position your feet wider than your hips. Keep your back straight, shoulders back and activate your core. Squat slowly towards the ground by bending your knees and push yourself up again. Just before your legs straighten, squats down again. Breathe out as you go down. Repeat 20 times.
    5. Buttocks Squeezes: This works for your lower back, buttocks and the back of your upper legs... Lie on your back down on a mat. Band you knees and place your feet in line with your hips flat on the ground. Activate your core. Lift your buttocks as high as you can off the ground and squeeze your buttocks as hard as you can at the highest point. Slowly return back to the ground and lift again just before your touch the ground. Breathe out as you lift up. Relax your arms next to you. Repeat 20 times.
    6. Crunches x 20.

Repeat the above 3 exercises 2-3 times.

This is just a basic and easy work-out which will take you about 20min to do. Please consult your doctor before trying any of the above exercises.

Now that you know what to do concerning exercise, let look at a few tips concerning your diet...

Most people find it hard to follow a strict diet or any diet, so don't feel bad if you are one of them - We are all with you! When starting a diet, don't drop everything you used to eat at once, take it a day at a time...

Follow a guideline to try improving your eating day by day:

  • Carbohydrates should be eaten at lunch time, not for dinner... There is a lot of energy in carbohydrates and should be used throughout the day. This energy will turn into fat if not used. Eat your veggies and chicken/fish/etc at dinner time.
  • Eat five times a day... Have Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner like you normally would, but also have a small mid-morning and mid-afternoon snack. (Fruits, provitas, yogurt, etc)
  • Try stay away from sweet fruits after 3pm - Apples and Pineapples are fine.
  • Change your full-cream milk to fat free/skim or low-fat milk.
  • Lessen your spoons of sugar in your coffee.
  • Stop using salt... There are enough flavors in the food itself.
  • Look for low fat foods... Take the skin off the chicken and eat fish without crust.
  • Have a lot of water... Drink 2 glasses of water every time you eat, this way with 5 meals a day, you will have 10 glasses of water per day.
  • ALLOW SOME SWEETS... Cheat on one day of the week to reward yourself for a good weeks eating - but do not go overboard. Makes you look forward to it...

Try improve yourself today and if it's still too hard, get a trainer to help you. Do what you can!

Article written by Personal Home Fitness Trainer
Adri Van der Walt
Cell: 0741727113
Email: fitness.a3@gmail.com

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Kids and Exercise

Kids all over the world are enjoying a little too much of the new technology... Is your child overweight/obese? How did this happen? What are you going to do to get him/her to become fit and healthy again?

Long ago kids used to play outside as soon as they got home from school, but now all they want to do is watch television - who blames them, there are so many nice shows on these days that they can't afford to miss anything. Televisions are getting bigger and so are our kids... The only part of their bodies that is getting any exercise are their fingers - playing video games or sending sms's or playing games on the computer. What do kids like to do while watching television? None other than eat! Food food and more bad food... So many easy already made take-aways - saves you time, why not? Because it is very unhealthy for your kids and you are making them use to eating “junk food”, which means that they will never learn to eat healthy.

Look at any overweight/obese child; does he/she look happy to you? No! It is well known that kids, who are active and healthy laugh, play and seem much happier than a child who sits in front of a television/ computer screen the whole day. These kids learn to be rude to their parents and intend to cut themselves out of the real world... Have fun with your children, by being active - make the whole family happy.

There are so many things you can do to have fun while getting your child fit and healthy... Look at your calendar, start to slowly fill events in when you might have some off time over the weekends - make time... Here are some examples:

Sports - Mark one day in the month which you can dedicate to a sports day. Take the kids and some friends, go to field and play all sorts of different sports - make sure you have lots of fluids. Make a list of sports to play and set up a little competition between everyone. Sports like Soccer, Volleyball, Baseball, mini cricket, rugby, etc. can last you the whole day each. For small different sports like sack races, treasure hunts, balance the egg on a spoon race, etc. you can play all on one day - so that the kids don't get too bored. It's one day a month, why not?

Exercise Parties - Next time your kid has a birthday party, make it an exercise party! Jumping castles work - they always have. Take them to a paintball/water-gun arena, this will make then run off all that weight. Get an aerobics teacher who can give them a fun one-hour class with music they like to listen to, this will feel like dancing. Wall-climbing is great, has your child ever tried it? Another place which kids will love having parties is the farm...there they can also ride the ponies and play with all the different kinds of animals. Find out from your nearest gymnastics centre if they have birthday parties. Kids love swinging on those poles and landing on all the soft sponges, they even have trampolines there! For the kids who like painting or coloring, take them on an arts and crafts day. Its summer, take them to a water world - this will keep them busy the whole day. There is no limit; you can even just through a simple dance party.

Television - Yes, you can use the television for exercise! Why not get yourself into shape as well... Get an aerobics video or “exercise for kids” DVD and try doing it 2-3 times a week - kids like doing these kinds of things with their parents.

Bike Riding - Try to at least twice a month take the kids with you to enjoy a nice bike ride on the beach. They can even use their roller-blades or skate-boards instead. Mark this one off on your calendar as well.

Beach - This is the perfect time to take the family to the beach! It is Summer! Play some Volleyball, make sand castles, run around, swim, dig holes, have fun...

Jumping games - Invent some type of pattern jumping games for the kids, they can make up their own as they play along.

Classes - Get your child to join a karate class, this way he/she will learn a lot of new helpful things. Even a swimming, ballet, dance, etc class will be fun to do.

Go carts - Make this a big event once every 6 months... Get a whole load of families to join. Each family can make their own Go-cart and when the day comes to race, the parents can push while the kids drive. See which family wins! Now that the go-carts are built, you can improve them for the next race...

There are so many things you can do for the whole family, but most importantly your kids... Please make a point of this, look at your calendar - do something every two weeks. If your schedule does not allow this, get a Personal Fitness trainer to come keep your kids active. Enjoy!

Article written by Personal Fitness Trainer
Adri Van der Walt
Cell: 074 172 7113
Email: fitness.a3@gmail.com

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Women and Exercise

The benefits of exercise during pregnancy:

Exercise can only be good for pregnancy. It boosts mood, improves sleep, and reduces pregnancy aches and pains. By strengthening muscles and building endurance makes the childbirth and weight control, after birth, easier.

The ideal workout gets your heart pumping, keeps you limber, manages weight gain and prepares your muscles without causing undue physical stress for you or the baby.

  • Stretching: Stretching is wonderful for keeping your body limber and relaxed and preventing muscle strain.
  • Weight training: Pregnant women are allowed to do weight training - as long as they lighten the weights (more repetitions will still give you a good enough work-out). Good technique like slow and controlled movements are important, this makes weight training one of the best ways to tone and strengthen your muscles - For all women, pregnant or not.

Why all women should exercise:

A Woman's body is keeps growing, thus can you start training at any age, which is very beneficial.

Youth: Children are becoming the next generations' unhealthy adults - thanks to computers, television games, etc. Exercise used to come as a second nature for kids as they played a lot of sports, this is why parents are not thinking about their kids and exercise nowadays. Exercise should start at a young age as heart diseases are beginning to develop more and more in our youth. Children need to develop healthy lifestyle whilst their young...

Midlife: Most common problem is weight gain. Exercise gives more lean muscle, greater metabolic rate and less weight gain. Many other common problems can also be reduced or better controlled through exercise. Sleep quality and energy throughout the day will be improved, as well as the prevention of chronic health problems such as high blood pressure, Type II diabetes, high cholesterol levels, depression and arthritis. These are only some of the reasons why women should train in their midlife...

Senior: Almost all doctors prescribe exercise to their elderly patients to fight against injury, illness and disease. More 70 - 80-year-old women become weaker than what they should and rarely have enough strength to do their daily tasks. Luckily, exercise will help even a 90-year old lady - who has never trained - to become more physically fit, even with other health problems.

How can exercise help my diabetes?

Exercise can help control your weight and lower your blood sugar level and lower your risk of heart disease. Exercise also increases your health and makes you feel good about yourself. There are some risks of exercise for people with diabetes, but the benefits outweigh then by far. It is advisable to have a trainer who knows what he/she is doing.

Quitting Smoke and Gaining weight.

Nicotine speeds up your metabolism, this is why your metabolism slows down when you quit and you might gain weight - even if you're not eating more. Food is used as a replacement for smoking most of the time, which is why people need to start exercising before you quit smoking...

It is good to bring something new and positive into your life as you quit a bad habit. Exercise help smokers to quit and also have other benefits such as reduced craving for nicotine, reduced depression, helps with stress, improved mood, much improved physical condition, etc.

Start Training Today!
Article written by Personal Fitness Trainer
Adri Van der Walt
Cell: 074 172 7113
Email: fitness.a3@gmail.com

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STRETCHING

Finding it hard to scratch your own back or maybe just bending down to pick something up off the ground? It's true...you can't reach so far, because as you got older your muscles and joints minimized! You need a stretching program...

Stretching will help lengthen your muscles so you can get to those hard to reach places. You can stretch any place at any time - this should be like a second nature to you and you don't even have to stop what you are doing. Stretch while you are watching T.V, stretch while you are in the bath, stretch while you read, stretch while you wait in line, STRETCH! Teach your children to start stretching as they get up in the morning and before they go to bed, this way, when they get older they won't even realize they are doing it.

Stretching before and after exercising is very good for you, but stretching in between exercises is even better...

Don't spend 10min stretching before you exercise and then cool down again, make stretching brief before you start your training and stretch each specific muscle just before you get to the specific exercise for that muscle. This will prevent your muscles and tendons from hurting while you exercise.

  • In case of an injury, stretching can help with a faster recovery by increasing the blood flow to your muscles and improving circulation.
  • Stretching prevents your muscles from being tight and allowing you to maintain a good posture.
  • Stretching is also a very good stress reliever.

Here is an example of an Abdominal stretch, following the Abdominal Exercise:

Abdominal Stretch:

  • Lie down on your back with your feet apart and on the floor.
  • Take one hand over to touch the other on the opposite side.
  • Keep a neutral pelvis and one shoulder on the mat.
  • Stay in this position for 15 - 20 seconds and do the same on the opposite side.
  • Stay relaxed and keep breathing.

Abdominal crunch (with ball):

  • Lie down on a mat with an exercise ball between your feet - keeping your legs in the air at a 45 degree angle.
  • Place your hands were you feel it is comfortable, eg. on your chest or behind your ears.
  • Activate your core muscles by pulling your naval towards your spine (do not suck your stomach in, keep breathing).
  • Keeping your core activated, slowly move your upper-body off the ground by crunching towards and away from the ball between your feet. Keep the movements slow, (spend about 2 seconds crunching up and 3 sec coming down again).
  • Do not let your chin touch your chest.
  • Keep breathing.

Article written by Personal Fitness Trainer
Adri Van der Walt
Cell: 074 172 7113
Email: fitness.a3@gmail.com

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How to get six-pack

It is very easy to get a six-pack from the bottle store - if you are over 18, but I am not talking about a six-pack beer here... Why is it so hard to get healthy six-pack abdominals? Everyone wants to have a nice six-pack under their shirts - you might not say it out loud, but I know it's what you are thinking... Now don't worry ladies, your six-pack does not have to look like the ones a guy has - so big and bulgy. No, you can get those nice two lines that run down from your chest to below your naval...this is six-pack enough for ladies.

There are sooo many "solutions" to this problem on the market, but hardly any of them work. What you need to realize is that this is not realy a problem, this is just something that you need to work on - and it's not so hard! This will be fun and you will feel so much better about yourself. You have probably tried those huge bulky abdominal machines, diets, metabolism tablets, abdominal belts/vibrators, 100 crunches a day, etc. but none of these work? You are absolutely right, none of these will work and here is why...

  • Big bulky Abdominal machines will only hurt your back if you don't know how to work with them. Even if you learned how to use one, you are not doing any work - the machine holds you up and moves you around, which means that you are not using your own muscles to do the exercise.
  • Dieting is the practice of ingesting food in a regulated fashion to achieve or maintain a controlled weight. In many cases the goal is weight loss, but some athletes aspire to gain weight (usually in the form of muscle) and diets can also be used to maintain a stable body weight. This means that you should eat right, not that you should hardly eat anything! Did you know that most diet foods contain artificial ingredients that cause cravings and leaves a hormonal mess in your body...
  • Diet Pills are not the answer. These tablets that you think will make you loose weight, actually mess up your metabolic system.
  • Abdominal Belts/Vibrators are more like a massage than a fat burner. They don't work at all... Your muscles need to do the work themselves.
  • 100 Crunches a day did not work for you? Of course not, you don't know how to do them right. This will be discussed later...

Now, I have heard so many excuses as to why you can't train, but it's only because you are not ready... Things like "My metabolism is too slow and I will never loose the belly fat", "It's in my family, so I should just accept it", "I have tried everything and nothing works", "I am just way too busy and have no time to exercise", etc. These are excuses you make, because you are not ready...it's all in the mind!

You need to get your mind right to exercise and start living healthy, if you don't do this then everything will go wrong and nothing will work. You can have everything you will ever need about exercise, but your mind has to be right. You have to believe that you can do this, only think positive about your body. Look in the mirror every morning and think about the good qualities that you have and not the bad... Tell yourself you are loosing weight and starting to look very good. Once you start thinking positive, you will have the motivation and dedication to stop eating bad and doing exercise. You won't be distracted like you were before, because your mind is set right. Believe it; it's all in the mind!

Every person is different, so you need to find the work-out that works for you. Go to a gym and speak to a fitness professional or get a Personal Fitness trainer to come to your home and help you out. Here are some exercises you can do for all the different parts of you abdominal muscles...

Upper abs - Lie down on your back with your knees bent and your feet close to your buttock. Place your hand where it is comfortable. When you crunch up, breathe out and make sure your chin does'nt touch your chest - you should be able to fit an apple between your chin and your chest. When you return to starting position, move slower than when you were crunching upwards. Try stretch out when you come down and do not relax your tummy, breathe in when you stretch out and breathe out to do the crunch. Do not lift your feet off the ground.

Mid-Abs - This is the same as upper-abs, except your feet should be moved further away from your buttock - almost straight legs, but knees still bent.

Lower Abs - Abdominals below Naval. Lower Abdominals is a colloquial term for the lower part of the Rectus Abdominus, which is the muscle that is located in the human torso area. You can do the same exercise for your lower abs as with you upper- and mid-abs, except that your legs should be straight. Another exercise is leg-raises... Lie down on your back and place your hand under your lower back. Lift your legs up and down with your knees slightly bent, do not touch the ground with your feet. Breathe out as your feet go down.

Obliques - The side abdominal muscles which flex and rotate the trunk. "Side" muscles that stabilize your spine when you are standing upright, and help rotate your spine and maintain proper posture and movement. For these muscles you can lie down on the ground and pretend that you are cycling upside down... Place your hand behind your head - not pulling on your head - and move your legs as if you are cycling. You need to crunch as your legs are moving... Try to make your left elbow touch your right knee and then the same on the opposite side. Keep breathing and remember not to pull on your neck. Please consult your doctor before trying any of the above exercises.

Get your mind set right and get a fitness professional to make the right programme for you and help you with your exercise!

Article written by Professional Home Fitness Trainer
Adri Van der Walt
Email: fitness.a3@gmail.com
Cell: 074 172 7113

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Health Benefits of Exercise

Regular exercise can help protect you from heart disease and stroke, high blood pressure, noninsulin-dependent diabetes, obesity, back pain, osteoporosis, and can improve your mood and help you to better manage stress.

For the greatest overall health benefits, experts recommend that you do 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic activity three or more times a week and some type of muscle strengthening activity and stretching at least twice a week. However, if you are unable to do this level of activity, you can gain substantial health benefits by accumulating 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity a day, at least five times a week.

If you have been inactive for a while, you may want to start with less strenuous activities such as walking or swimming at a comfortable pace. Beginning at a slow pace will allow you to become physically fit without straining your body. Once you are in better shape, you can gradually do more strenuous activity.

How Physical Activity Impacts Health

Regular physical activity that is performed on most days of the week reduces the risk of developing or dying from some of the leading causes of illness and death in the United States.

  • Reduces the risk of dying prematurely.
  • Reduces the risk of dying prematurely from heart disease.
  • Reduces the risk of developing diabetes.
  • Reduces the risk of developing high blood pressure.
  • Helps reduce blood pressure in people who already have high blood pressure.
  • Reduces the risk of developing colon cancer.
  • Reduces feelings of depression and anxiety.
  • Helps control weight.
  • Helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles, and joints.
  • Helps older adults become stronger and better able to move about without falling.
  • Promotes psychological well-being.

Specific Health Benefits of Exercise

Heart Disease and Stroke. Daily physical activity can help prevent heart disease and stroke by strengthening your heart muscle, lowering your blood pressure, raising your high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (good cholesterol) and lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (bad cholesterol), improving blood flow, and increasing your heart's working capacity.

High Blood Pressure. Regular physical activity can reduce blood pressure in those with high blood pressure levels. Physical activity also reduces body fatness, which is associated with high blood pressure.

Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes. By reducing body fatness, physical activity can help to prevent and control this type of diabetes.

Obesity. Physical activity helps to reduce body fat by building or preserving muscle mass and improving the body's ability to use calories. When physical activity is combined with proper nutrition, it can help control weight and prevent obesity, a major risk factor for many diseases.

Back Pain. By increasing muscle strength and endurance and improving flexibility and posture, regular exercise helps to prevent back pain.

Osteoporosis. Regular weight-bearing exercise promotes bone formation and may prevent many forms of bone loss associated with aging.

Psychological Effects. Regular physical activity can improve your mood and the way you feel about yourself. Researchers also have found that exercise is likely to reduce depression and anxiety and help you to better manage stress.

Weight loss and weight control through exercise and physical activity

Exercise helps to control your weight by using excess calories that otherwise would be stored as fat. your body weight is regulated by the number of calories you eat and use each day. Everything you eat contains calories, and everything you do uses calories, including sleeping, breathing, and digesting food. Any physical activity in addition to what you normally do will use extra calories.

Regular exercise is an important part of effective weight loss and weight maintenance. It also can help prevent several diseases and improve your overall health. It does not matter what type of physical activity you perform--sports, planned exercise, household chores, yard work, or work-related tasks--all are beneficial.

Studies show that even the most inactive people can gain significant health benefits if they accumulate 30 minutes or more of physical activity per day. Research consistently shows that regular physical activity, combined with healthy eating habits, is the most efficient and healthful way to control your weight. Whether you are trying to lose weight or maintain it, you should understand the important role of physical activity and include it in your lifestyle.

Balancing the calories you use through physical activity with the calories you eat will help you achieve your desired weight

  • When you eat more calories than you need to perform your day's activities, your body stores the extra calories and you gain weight
  • When you eat fewer calories than you use, your body uses the stored calories and you lose weight.
  • When you eat the same amount of calories as your body uses, your weight stays the same.

Any type of physical activity you choose to do--strenuous activities such as running or aerobic dancing or moderate-intensity activities such as walking or household work--will increase the number of calories your body uses. The key to successful weight control and improved overall health is making physical activity a part of your daily routine.

Overview of nutrition, nutrient food sources and the function of nutrients in the body.

CALORIES are needed to provide energy so the body functions properly. The number of calories in a food depends on the amount of energy the food provides. The number of calories a person needs depends on age, height, weight, gender, and activity level. People who consume more calories than they burn off in normal daily activity or during exercise are more likely to be overweight.

Fat:

1 gram = 9 calories

Protein:

1 gram = 4 calories

Carbohydrates:

1 gram = 4 calories

Alcohol:

1 gram = 7 calories

FAT should account for 30% or less of the calories consumed daily, with saturated fats accounting for no more than 10% of the total fat intake. Fats are a concentrated form of energy which help maintain body temperature, and protect body tissues and organs. Fat also plays an essential role in carrying the four fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, and K.

Excess calories from protein and carbohydrates are converted to and stored as fat. Even if you are eating mostly "fat free" foods, excess consumption will result in additional body fat. Fat calories in food are readily stored, while it takes energy to transform protein and carbohydrates to body fat. The only proven way to reduce body fat is to burn more calories than one consumes.

Saturated Fat:

  • tends to increase blood cholesterol levels. Most saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature, with the exception of tropical oils.
  • found mostly in meat and dairy products, as well as some vegetable oils, such as coconut and palm oils (tropical oils). Butter is high in saturated fat, while margarine tends to have more unsaturated fat.

Polyunsaturated Fat:

  • tends to lower blood cholesterol levels
  • found mostly in plant sources. (safflower, sunflower, soybean, corn, cottonseed)

Monounsaturated Fat:

  • tends to lower LDL cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol)
  • found in both plant and animal products, such as olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, and in some plant foods such as avocado

CHOLESTEROL intake should not exceed 300 milligrams a day. Individuals differ on their absorption of dietary cholesterol, what is important is one's level of blood cholesterol. High blood cholesterol has been linked to the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a buildup of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries and other blood vessels, and is a leading cause of heart attacks.

Dietary cholesterol is only found in foods from animal sources, including meat, fish, milk, eggs, cheese, and butter. You may have heard the terms HDL and LDL discussed in relation to blood cholesterol and heart disease. HDL and LDL are lipoproteins, substances found in the bloodstream, that transport cholesterol and triglycerides in the body.

  • HDLs help remove cholesterol from the blood, protecting you from heart disease (atherosclerosis).
  • LDLs are thought to deposit cholesterol in artery walls, increasing your risk of heart disease (atherosclerosis). Most abundant type, LDL carries approximately 65% of the total circulating cholesterol. High levels of LDL are associated with atherosclerosis.

CARBOHYDRATES are a major source of energy and should account for 50% to 60% of calories consumed each day.

Sugars:

  • monosaccharides and disaccharides
  • found in fruits (sucrose, glucose, fructose, pentose), milk (lactose), and soft drinks and sweets.

Complex Carbohydrates:

  • polysaccharides
  • found in whole grain cereals, flour, bread, rice, corn, oats, potatoes, and legumes.

DIETARY FIBER Sources of fiber from highest to lowest are highfiber grain products, nuts, legumes (kidney, navy, black and pinto beans), vegetables, fruits, and refined grain products.

Soluble Fiber:

  • may help lower blood cholesterol by inhibiting digestion of fat and cholesterol; helps control blood sugar in people with diabetes.
  • found in peas, beans, oats, barley, some fruits and vegetables (apples, oranges, carrots), and psyllium.

Insoluble Fiber:

  • helps prevent constipation, hemorrhoids, and diverticulosis
  • found in bran (wheat, oat, and rice), wheat germ, cauliflower, green beans, potatoes, celery

PROTEIN should account for 10% to 20% of the calories consumed each day. Protein is essential to the structure of red blood cells, for the proper functioning of antibodies resisting infection, for the regulation of enzymes and hormones, for growth, and for the repair of body tissue.

Amino acids are the building blocks of protein and are found in a variety of foods. Meat, milk, cheese, and egg are complete proteins that have all the essential amino acids. Other sources of protein include whole grains, rice, corn, beans, legumes, oatmeal, peas, and peanut butter. For those who do not eat meat, eggs, or dairy products, it is important to eat a variety of these other foods in order to get enough protein.

SODIUM intake is recommended to be less than 3,000 milligrams daily. One teaspoon of table salt contains about 2,000 milligrams of sodium. The difference between "sodium" and "salt" can be confusing. Sodium is a mineral found in various foods including table salt (sodium chloride). Table salt is 40% sodium.

People with high blood pressure (hypertension) may be instructed by their doctor or dietitian to reduce sodium intake. High blood pressure can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, or kidney disease. The body needs a small amount of sodium to help maintain normal blood pressure and normal function of muscles and nerves. High sodium intake can contribute to water retention.

Sodium is found in table salt, baking soda, monosodium glutamate (MSG), various seasonings, additives, condiments, meat, fish, poultry, dairy foods, eggs, smoked meats, olives, and pickled foods.

POTASSIUM is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance, nerve impulse function, muscle function, cardiac (heart muscle) function

Sources: bananas, raisins, apricots, oranges, avacadoes, dates, cantaloupe, watermelon, prunes, broccoli, spinach, carrots, potato, sweet potato, winter squash, mushrooms, peas, lentils, dried beans, peanuts, milk, yogurt, lean meats

VITAMINS AND MINERALS are required for the regulation of the body's metabolic functions, and are found naturally in the foods we eat. Many foods are fortified in order to provide additional nutrients, or to replace nutrients that may have been lost during the processing of the food. Most people are able to obtain satisfactory nutrition from the wide selection of foods available in the United States.

If a person is not able to eat a variety of foods from the basic food groups, then a vitamin and mineral supplement may be necessary. However, except for certain unusual health conditions, very few persons should need more than 100% of the Recommended Daily Allowance for any single nutrient. Large doses of vitamin and mineral supplements can be harmful.

Vitamins come in two varieties: fat soluble and water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body for long periods of time, while excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted in the urine.

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Posture

Know what good posture is believed to be. Most people think that to "stand up straight" means tensing your back to heave your chest 'in and up', and pulling your head back in to your chest. This is not so. The spine has two natural curves that you need to maintain called the 'double C' or 'S' curves, these are the curves found from the base of your head to your shoulders and the curve from the upper back to the base of the spine. When standing straight up, make sure that your weight is evenly distributed on your feet. You might feel like you are leaning forward, and look stupid, but you don't.

Using a mirror, align your ears, shoulders, and hips. [This needs an image] Proper alignment places your ears loosely above your shoulders, above your hips. Again, these points make a straight line, but the spine itself curves in a slight 'S'. You'll find that this doesn't hurt at all. If you do experience pain, look at your side view in a mirror to see if you're forcing your back into an unnatural position. If so, stop it!

Do exercises that strengthen the muscles across your upper back and shoulders. These do not have to be strenuous! Try the following, with or without hand weights:

  • Align your ears over your shoulders. Raise both arms straight up, alongside your ears. Remember to keep your ears aligned! Bend forearms toward shoulders to touch your shoulder blades. Do 10 repetitions with both arms, then alternate 10 reps for each arm singularly.
  • Align ears with shoulders. Raise both arms out to sides at shoulder length. Hold for a slow count of ten. Slowly lower arms to sides, counting ten as you lower. Slowly raise arms back to shoulder height, counting to ten as you raise arms. Do ten reps, constantly checking your alignment! If ten reps are too many to start, do as many as you can. You should at least feel a slight fatigue in the shoulder muscles.
  • Be a penguin. While you wait for a web page to load, toast to pop, or the microwave to beep, place elbows at your side, and touch your shoulders with your hands. Keeping your hands on your shoulders, and your ears aligned, raise both elbows (count one, two) and lower them back to your waist (count one, two). Do as many reps as your wait allows. You'll be surprised how much exercise fits into 30 seconds.
  1. Do stretches. This can greatly help if you find that you have a sore back or neck after a while.
    • Tilt (stretch) your head in all four directions over your shoulders (forward, back, left, right), and gently massage your neck. Avoid rolling in a circle, as it may cause further strain.
    • On your hands and knees, curl your back upwards, like a cat, and then the opposite. Think about being able to place a bowl in the hollow of your back.
  2. Repeat the exercises a few times each day. Doing them in the morning helps your body stretch out the muscle lethargy of sleep, and periodically throughout the day helps raise your energy level without a heavy workout.
  3. Try taking ballet classes. You can take ones from a performing arts school in this instance; they are simply recreational.
  4. Doing yoga is also excellent for posture. You can take a class or find a good workout video.

Sitting

  1. Sit in an office chair.
  2. Align your back with the back of the office chair. Avoid slouching or leaning forward, especially when tired from sitting in the office chair for long periods. Keep your shoulders straight.
  3. Flex your arms at a 75 to 90 degree angle at the elbows. You may have to adjust the office chair.
  4. Make sure your neck, back, and heels are all aligned.
  5. Keep both feet flat on the floor. If there's a problem with feet reaching the floor comfortably, a footrest can be used along with the office chair.

Standing

  1. Stand with weight mostly on the balls of the feet, not with weight on the heels. Avoid locking your knees.
  2. Keep feet slightly apart, about shoulder-width.
  3. Let arms hang naturally down the sides of the body.
  4. Tuck the chin in a little to keep the head level. Be sure the head is square on top of the neck and spine, not pushed out forward
  5. Stand straight and tall, with shoulders upright.
  6. Stand against a wall with shoulders and bottom touching wall. In this position, the back of the head should also touch the wall - if it does not, the head is carried too far forward (anterior head carriage).

Walking

  1. Keep the head up and eyes looking straight ahead. Avoid pushing your head forward.
  2. Keep shoulders properly aligned with the rest of the body.

Driving

  1. Sit with the back firmly against the seat for proper back support. The seat should be a proper distance from the pedals and steering wheel to avoid leaning forward or reaching.
  2. The headrest should support the middle of the head to keep it upright. Tilt the headrest forward if possible to make sure that the head-to-headrest distance is not more than four inches.

Carrying Objects

  1. Always bend at the knees, not the waist.
  2. Use the large leg and stomach muscles for lifting, not the lower back.
  3. If necessary, get a supportive belt to help maintain good posture while lifting.
  4. When carrying a heavy or large object, keep it close to the chest.
  5. If carrying something with one arm, switch arms frequently.
  6. When carrying a backpack or purse, keep it as light as possible, and balance the weight on both sides as much as possible, or alternate from side to side.
  7. When carrying a backpack, avoid leaning forward or rounding the shoulders. If the weight feels like too much, consider using a rolling backpack with wheels.

Sleeping

  1. A relatively firm mattress is generally best for proper back support, although individual preference is very important.
  2. Sleeping on the side or back is usually more comfortable for the back than sleeping on the stomach.
  3. Use a pillow to provide proper support and alignment for the head and shoulders.
  4. Consider putting a rolled-up towel under the neck and a pillow under the knees to better support the spine.
  5. If sleeping on the side, a relatively flat pillow placed between the legs will help keep the spine aligned and straight.

Other Article...

What is Exercise?

What is exercise (physical activity) and what can it do for me?

Exercise is also known as physical activity and includes anything that gets you moving, such as walking, dancing, or working in the yard. You can earn the benefits of being physically active without going to a gym, playing sports, or using fancy equipment. When you're physically fit, you have the strength, flexibility, and endurance needed for your daily activities. Being physically active helps you feel better physically and mentally.

Physical activity can lower your blood glucose (sugar), blood pressure, and cholesterol. It also reduces your risk for heart disease and stroke, relieves stress, and strengthens your heart, muscles, and bones. In addition, regular activity helps insulin work better, improves your blood circulation, and keeps your joints flexible. If you're trying to lose weight, a combination of physical activity and wise food choices can help you reach your target weight and maintain it. All of these benefits can be yours even if you haven't been very active before.

Overcoming Barriers

How do I get past the barriers to being physically active?

If you're not active, it's likely that you have at least one reason why. Perhaps you've never been very active. Maybe you're afraid you'll get low blood glucose. Think about what's keeping you from being active and then look into ways to overcome the barriers.

Barriers

Solutions

I don't have time to exercise for 30 minutes a day.

Do as much as you can. Every step counts. If you're just starting out, start with 10 minutes a day and add more little by little. Work up to 10 minutes at a time, three times a day.

I'm too tired after work.

Plan to do something active before work or during the day.

I don't have the right clothes.

Wear anything that's comfortable as long as you have shoes that fit well and socks that don't irritate your skin.

I'm too shy to exercise in a group.

Choose an activity you can do on your own, such as following along with an aerobics class on TV or going for a walk.

I don't want to have sore muscles.

Exercise shouldn't hurt if you go slowly at first. Choose something you can do without getting sore. Learn how to warm up and stretch before you do something active and how to cool down afterward.

I'm afraid I'll get low blood glucose.

If you're taking a medication that could cause low blood glucose, talk to your health care provider about ways to exercise safely.

Walking hurts my knees.

Try chair exercises or swimming.

It's too hot outside.

If it's too hot, too cold, or too humid, walk inside a school or a shopping center.

It's not safe to walk in my neighborhood.

Find an indoor activity, such as an exercise class at a community center.

I'm afraid I'll make my condition worse.

Get a checkup before planning your fitness routine. Learn what's safe for you to do.

I can't afford to join a fitness center or buy equipment.

Do something that doesn't require fancy equipment, such as walking or using cans of food for weights.

Exercise is boring.

Find something you enjoy doing. Try different activities on different days.

Types of Exercise

What kinds of physical activity should be part of my routine?

A comprehensive physical activity routine includes three kinds of activities:

  • Aerobic Exercise
  • Strength Training
  • Flexibility Exercises

Aerobic Exercise

Aerobic exercise increases your heart rate, works your muscles, and raises your breathing rate. For most people, it's best to aim for a total of about 30 minutes a day, at least 5 days a week. If you haven't been very active recently, you can start out with 5 or 10 minutes a day and work up to more time each week. Or split up your activity for the day -- try a brisk 10-minute walk after each meal. If you're trying to lose weight, you may want to exercise more than 30 minutes a day.

Strength Training

Strength training, done several times a week, helps build strong bones and muscles and makes everyday chores like carrying groceries easier for you. With more muscle, you burn more calories, even at rest. Here are some ways to do it:

  • Join a class to do strength training with weights, elastic bands, or plastic tubes
  • Lift light weights at home

Flexibility Exercises

Flexibility exercises, also called stretching, help keep your joints flexible and reduce your chances of injury during other activities. Gentle stretching for 5 to 10 minutes helps your body warm up and get ready for aerobic activities such as walking or swimming. Your health care team can provide information on how to stretch.

Being Active Throughout The Day

In addition to formal exercise, there are many opportunities to be active throughout the day. Being active helps burns calories. The more you move around, the more energy you'll have. These strategies can help you increase your activity level:

  • Walk instead of drive whenever possible
  • Take the stairs instead of the elevator
  • Work in the garden, rake leaves, or do some housecleaning every day
  • Park at the far end of the shopping center lot and walk to the store

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